History of Music Magazines

Below is a PowerPoint which is about the History of Music Magazines. This gives me an insight to how the music magazine industry use to be and how it is nowadays. 

History of music magazines from Dylan0akes

Uses & Gratifications Theory

As part of my research, I have decided to research Blumler & Katz' Uses and Gratifications theory. This research into this particular theory will help me to understand why audiences consume and use different types of media (including magazines).

I have presented my findings on a Prezi Presentation. 

Audience Expectations

When making my music magazine, I need to consider what the audience expects when it comes to viewing the magazine.

From my textual analysis of 3 front covers, 3 DPS' and 3 contents pages I have learnt about what the audience usually expects to see from the magazine. The first thing is a professional look. This is extremely important as it draws the audience in and also makes them believe that what they're reading is true. To get this professional look, the audience also see to see consistency in house style throughout the entire magazine, this is something I definitely need to concentrate on in production of my magazine. 

Additionally, the audience will expect the magazine to be tailored to the suitable genre of the magazine. For example if the magazine was specifically about the rock genre, they would expect to see rock articles featuring famous musicians from the genre as well as a consistent rock house style. Also, if the magazine is aimed at a certain demographic, this needs to be shown all the way through to keep that certain demographic interested in the content. 

The audience will expect to see an eye-catching front cover. On the front cover they will all expect to see the conventional features - such as masthead, a main image, cover lines, date, price and possibly even an incentive (this is increasingly popular so an incentive will be more increasingly expected). 

During my textual analysis, almost every magazine had the presence of some form of media convergence. The audience will most likely expect to see a form of this as this is also increasingly popular in modern-day society. They'll expect to expand their magazine experience in the form of a website or an app. 

Lastly, the audience will expect to recognise the genre of the magazine or the brand of the magazine (if its a popular magazine that they often buy). 

How Are Media Audiences Categorised?

I have done some research into how media audiences are categorised in the media. Doing this piece of research into audiences will allow me to pick my target audience for my magazine. 

The 'ABC1' and the 'C2DE' are groups of people that are categorised by their income:

A: Upper Middle Class (e.g. high managerial)

B: Middle Class (e.g. intermediate managerial)

C1: Lower Middle Class (e.g. supervisory or clerical)

C2: Skilled working class (e.g. skilled manual workers)

D: Working class (e.g. semi or unskilled manual workers)

E: Those at lowest level of subsistence (e.g. people on state pension)

Audiences can also be categorised by Geographic and Demographic.

Geographic includes:

• Region
• Size and Density (of a place)
• Climate

Demographic includes:

• Age
• Ethnicity
• Gender
• Family Size
• Family cycle
• Generation
• Income
• Education
• Occupation 
• Religion
• Social Class

For my magazine, I will focus of the demographic side of audiences rather than the geographic side of audiences. 

Young and Rubicam's Four Consumers:

• Mainstreamers: They like security and belonging to a group.
• Aspirers: Want status and the esteem of others - like status symbols and designer labels. The alos live off credit and cash.
• Succeeders: People who have already gained status an control.
• Reformers: Define themselves by their self-esteem an their self-fulfilment.

LifeMatrix

This is one of the newest approaches to audiences targeting. The 'LifeMatrix' tool (launched by MRI & RoperASW) defines ten audience categories. These categories are centred around values, attitudes, beliefs and demographic audience categories. The 10 categories are:

• Tribe wired - digital, free spirited, creative young singles.
• Fun/Atics - Aspirational, fun-seeking, active young people.
• Dynamic Duos - Hard-driving, high-involvement couples.
• Priority Parents - family values, activities, media strongly dominate.
• Home Soldiers - home-centric, family-oriented, materially ambitious.
• Renaissance Women - active, caring, affluent, influential mums.
• Rugged Traditionalists - traditional male values, love of outdoors.
• Struggling singles - high aspirations, low economic status.
• Settled elders - devout, older, sedentary lifestyles.
• Free birds - vital, active, altruistic seniors.

Textual Analysis of Double Page Spread 3

For my final textual analysis of a DPS, I have chosen this particular DPS (pictured below) from the 'Mojo' magazine. I have chosen this DPS as it is quite different compared to the other 2 DPS' that I have previously analysed. It is quite unique. Analysing a DPS that is different will help me massively when it comes to the production of my own magazine as it can give me different ideas of how to present my DPS and also still comparing the conventional layout techniques that are typically used. 

This is the DPS I am analysing: 

The Way it is Presented & The Main Image:

• As I have previously mentioned, this DPS is a lot different in comparison to other double page spreads. The most obvious difference is the whole page being covered by a red filter. This will most definitely stand out when the reader is flicking through the magazine, due to the red as it stands out tremendously. 
• The red filter has many connotations. The filter may indicate danger, leadership, courage or passion. These aspects can all be codes for the rock/indie/alternative genres, so this article (or perhaps the entire magazine) may be based on these particular genres. 
• With links to the red theme, the header of the page is also in a dark red colour. It says the word 'vicious' which also connotes the danger aspects of the colour red as well as the genres previously mentioned. 
• The red filter may also possibly highlight the fact that he is performing to a crowd. The red maybe a symbol of the red lights that could be shining on him when performing. This also can connote the genres mentioned as they are quite common lighting colours when at concerts for people representing these genres. 
• Mise-en-scene in this main image can also connote the genre of this article. Firstly, we can see that the man in the image is wearing make-up. This is typically a code for the genre of rock or hard rock, as a lot of people who represent the rock genre do wear make-up as it is part of the 'style' that goes with rock. Additionally, we can see that the man is holding a guitar. The guitar look more like an electric guitar rather than an acoustic guitar. An electric guitar usually is related to the rock genre as these guitars are typically used in the creation of rock music. 
• Also, we can see that the red filter highlights the sweat on his face. The sweat could connote passion and hard work from the man. He may be striving to perform the best he can hence the sweat. 
• Furthermore, the red parts of the page are all placed on the plain black background. This is used to emphasise this red filter, making it more eye-catching and more appealing to the reader. Additionally, it is used as black can also connote danger. The use of red and black is a good combination to use in this rock genre as they both have connotations which are connotation of the rock genre. 
• A low-angle shot is used in the main image. This may be used to connote his power or possibly his celebrity status over the crowd. 

The Typography: 

• The header used is extremely eye-catching, especially when the reader is flicking the magazine. It is certainly eye-catching. The word 'vicious' has many, possibly negative connotation. It has connotations of extreme violence, destructive behaviour, evilness and severe aggression. The font of this particular bit of typography is like it is fragmented into different section. This could also be used as evidence to indicate the connotations of 'vicious'. For example things being broken (just like the font) can be a connotation for violence and aggression, just like the connotations for 'vicious'. This all indicates that the man the article is about may have some of the characteristics, or possibly it might just be relating to the genre of rock as these are, stereotypically, aspects of the genre. 
• Just underneath the header, as small opening to the article is used. This is in a slightly larger and bolder font than the main body of text. This is used to make the reader go to this part of the page, which, hopefully, will draw them in to read the rest of the article. The names of the people who are interviewing and who is being interview are also in white. This makes these names stand out from the text which makes the reader feel like they're are of some sort of significance and important to the article. This feature is very common at the start of a double page spread as gives a slight introduction so the audience can know what to expect in this article. 
• The start of the main body of text begins with a drop cap. Using a drop cap is a very common and conventional way to start of the article. Drop caps are used as a way of grabbing the readers attention so they can proceed with reading the entire article. It also looks better than just a plain 2 columned body of text.

Additional Features: 

• The main image bleeds onto the second page of the DPS. This may be used to provide continuity of the article. As well as this it may be used to indicate that both pages are about the same article. This is conventional in a music magazine DPS as it also shows that it is all connected which makes it a 'spread'.
• Additional images are also used around the main body of text. These images are most likely used to enhance the experience to give the reader a visual of what the article is on about. The two images together at the bottom of the page are both in black and white. They look like fairly old images, this may connote that the article is talking about something nostalgic so therefore providing these images will give the reader an insight on what they're talking about. However the caption tells us that one is before and one is now. They may've used the black and white in this case to highlight the differences and for presentation purposes too. 
• The text around the image on the right page towards the top is moved so it is aligned with where the picture starts and ends. This gives it quite a professional look.
• On the bottom of the page the logo is present and so is a page number. The logo will have been put there to increases continuity throughout the magazine so the magazine is continuously recognised throughout, so it also increases brand recognition due to the repetition of the 'Mojo' logo. The page number is an essential part of the page as they are present throughout the entire magazine. These page numbers allow the reader to navigate through the magazine and locate different articles with ease. Every magazine has page numbers so therefore making it a vital aspect. 
• Furthermore, the actual article is placed on a red section which has a ripped/burnt out effect. This gives the reader a feeling that the article has been ripped from somewhere and stuck on the page, which also connotes a rebellious nature which I believe the article is trying to broadcast. 
• The rebellious look to the whole page (the red, black, ripped look and the typography) all connote the rock genre. Therefore I believe that this particular article (maybe the whole magazine) is targeting a fairly niche audience of people who enjoy the rock/metal genre of music. Also, I think that the main gender that this article is directing towards is the male gender. This is due to dark red and black (more dark colours) are quite often linked to males. With the addition that all of the images are of males. Also the word 'vicious' and all the connotations on the page of aggressiveness are all, stereotypically, male characteristics. However, the article is definitely not limited to the male gender.

Textual Analysis of Double Page Spread 2

The second DPS I am going to analyse is an edition of a 'Q' magazine. Doing this will help me to understand how a DPS is conventionally structured and it will also give me ideas on how to construct my own music magazine. 

I have decided to present this Textual Analysis on a PowerPoint, which I have converted to a PDF and then uploaded it to FlipSnack 

Media Convergence

Media Convergence is a growing aspect of modern day media. On my magazine, I will include aspects (for example website links/an app/QR code etc...) of this to show how my magazine is more up-to-date and show how understanding of why it is used. I am using a from of media convergence on my magazine as my research has indicated that almost every music magazine has some for of convergence, so I need to include it to try and make a conventional music magazine. 

I have made a Prezi Presentation addressing Media Convergence, which has helped me to understand Media convergence more and how to use it. 

Textual Analysis of Double Page Spread 1

For my first textual analysis of a DPS, I have chosen an issue of the 'Kerrang' magazine. 

I have presented this on a PowerPoint which I have uploaded to SlideShare.

Textual Analysis of Double Page Spread 1 from Dylan0akes

House Styles

House style is an extremely important aspect that I need to consider when creating my music magazine. Researching about this will allow me to become aware of the importance and how I can use it when producing my music magazine cover, contents page and double page spread. 

If a house style is used, it will make the 'document' look more professional. A house style is basically a set of 'rules' which all 'documents', from a certain brand/company should follow. This is mainly so continuity is present throughout. 

According to 'http://www.teach-ict.com/as_a2_ict_new/ocr/AS_G061/313_standard_applications/house_styles/miniweb/pg3.htm' a house style will govern things such as:

• the colours that are being used
• the font style and size (the typography)
• where the logo should appear
• whether text should be right, centre of full justified
• also the tone of language can be considered.

When you think of the brand, these types of things (above) should be apparent. This will support 'brand recognition' and continuity throughout the media text. All of the texts related to the brand should follow the same patterns, to ensure this happens.

An example of how house styles are used in music magazines is the music magazine 'Q'.

To find these examples I types in 'Q magazine front covers' into google and I took a screen grab from the results.

This screen grab demonstrates how a house style is used in music magazines. The criteria 

for house styles (mentioned above) says that the logo should appear in the same place. As we can clearly see, each of these 9 'Q' front covers all have the 'Q' logo in the top left hand corner. This indicates continuity in the brand. Additionally all of the main images on the front cover are of one person, typically a medium close-up to long shot. This again supports that there is a house style present. Lastly, another point from the criteria is that the colours used should be the same. Throughout these 9 covers we can see mainly red, white and black being used. This again connotes that a house style is being used. 

Now I know what a house style is, how to use is and I know that music magazines use it, I can put it to use with my own music magazine, when it comes to the production of it. 

Textual Analysis of Contents Page 3

For my final textual analysis of a contents page I have chosen this contents page to analyse:

The Typography:

• In the top left hand corner there is the date and the heading of the page. The date is quite large in size and the black/grey colour stands out on the vibrant orange colour. Just below the date 'contents' is in a large font and the white colour stands out a lot from the background. This is used to tell the reader which page they're on, which is clearly the contents page. As these are placed on a bright orange background, the attention of the reader is immediately drawn to this part of the page. This is extremely useful as it lets the reader know what the page is about. 
• The masthead is also present on the contents page. 'Drummer' is written in a large, capitals, bold and black font. This is very effective as it allows the reader to easily notice it and easily read it, which is what is needed for the brand name. This is used to increase continuity throughout the magazine as well as reinforcing it, so the reader knows which magazine they're reading. This is an essential part of the contents page so therefore making it easy to read and so that it stands out shows the importance of this. The word 'drummer' can also indicate the genre and the target audience of the magazine. Drums are usually linked to the genre of indie or rock music. This indicates that the target audience of the magazine brand, will most likely be people who are interested in these genres of music. 
• The 'features' section down the left hand side of the page is also very effective. This section also follows the house style of the magazine - which is orange, white and black. The 'features' heading is in orange, which stands out from the plain white background. Evidently, making it easy to read and recognise what that bit is referring to. Underneath the page numbers are also in orange, again orange being a bright and vibrant colour allows the reader to easily locate the page number for each article. Next to the page number, in a slightly smaller font, is the article name. This has a bold and black typography which makes it easy to read and easy to locate. A lot of music magazine front covers seem to follow this kind of style of a list of contents, page numbers on the left, the article name just after it and a small description underneath. The article names are short and snappy. This is a common theme in magazines as they're more intriguing and makes the reader want to know more about it. An example of this is 'Santa's Sacked'. This is quite an intriguing name as the reader will think about the title and may want to read into it. Also this name has alliteration which also provides a big effect on the reader as it makes the article name sound more interesting. 
• Just below the 'features' section is the 'regulars' section. This also seems quite conventional on a contents page. The 'regulars' section seems to have a reverted colour scheme compared to the section above. The orange text has now been swapped with white text, the white background has been reversed to an orange background. This gives it the sense that this maybe not be as significant as the 'features' section as this section seems to reoccur every month, hence the heading 'regulars'.This also is conventional for a contents page as most contents pages have two sections which is split up to the features that only occur this edition and the features that occur every edition. The typography used also allows the reader to notice it, which does give it some significance to the page. It should catch the reader's eye so therefore, the reader will go to this part of the page and read it.  
• Next to the article 'Dave Lambardo' there is a label that says 'exclusive'. This is used to draw the reader to this article as it is restricted to this magazine, so therefore making it important to the reader as they will not find this article/interview anywhere else in any other magazine. This could potentially be an incentive to the magazine as this article could draw the reader into buying this particular edition of the magazine. 

The Images:

• In terms of the images used, this contents page is different, possibly unconventional compared to the other contents pages I have analysed. On this contents page there are 5 images. One of the images is a set of drums which is located to the brand name 'drummer'. This may be part of the house style and the masthead, as the heading along with the image may appear on every issue.
• The other images that appear on the page are screen grabs from different articles later on in the magazine. Each image has a page number in the top left as this will be where they can find the article that relates to the image. 
• The size of the image will relate to the most important article in the magazine. The main image with the drummer, will be one of the main article or most significant articles to this edition. This is due to the size of the image being a lot larger than the other images therefore connoting the significance of this article. The smaller images will most likely not be main articles, hence their size. 
• The mise-en-scene in these images connote the genre that the music magazine is. The largest image includes a drum set and a drummer. As previously mentioned, the drums can connote the genre of indie or rock. Two other smaller images also include drums which again connote the genre of indie/rock/alternative.

The Layout:

• The layout of this music magazine front cover can be seen as quite unconventional. Usually the masthead/brand name is at the top of the page. However the brand name is a little bit further down the page. The 'contents' title, however, is at the top on the left, which is also quite unconventional as this is usually located underneath the masthead. 
• Quite often, on a contents page, there is only one main image, maybe 2. However this contents page contains a lot of pictures and takes a different approach in showing what is on different pages (using screen grabs and putting the page number in the corner). Additionally the images are spread across the entire page, and above the masthead/brand name. Which again is quite unconventional compared to the other magazine contents pages I have analysed. 
• What is conventional about the contents page is the contents list. Most contents pages have a list of contents on one side of the page rather than scattered. This follows this style. Also most contents pages split their contents list into two sections, usually the stuff that appears every month and the stuff that is exclusive to this issue. This contents page also follow this style. 
• Another unconventional feature is the date. In most magazines the date is quite a small, in size, and additional aspect of the cover. However the date that is present on this contents page is very large compared to the others I've analysed. The 'contents' typography is also quite small in comparison to the other contents pages. 

Preliminary Task Evaluation

Above is my evaluation for my preliminary task. I have decided to evaluate my preliminary task as this will help me to reflect on how I did it. This will also be beneficial for me to notice how I need to improve in preparation for my main task. 

Finished Preliminary Task

Using, InDesign (DTP) and Photoshop (for image manipulation), I have made a front cover and a mock-up of a contents page for a school magazine, for the preliminary task. 

This is my School Magazine Front Cover:

This is my mock-up of a contents page:

Doing this task has helped me to develop skills and have a trial-run in making a magazine. This will obviously be advantageous, as it'll be easier when it comes to making my music magazine. 

Textual Analysis of Contents Page 2

For my second contents page analysis, I have decided to analyse an edition of the 'Q' magazine. This will be extremely helpful to me when creating my own product as it can give me many ideas of how I would like to present my contents page. It will also help me in understanding what works well on a contents page and what may not work well.

For my 2nd analysis I have decided to present the information on Microsoft PowerPoint which I then uploaded to SlideShare. Below is my analysis.

Textual Analysis of Contents Page 2 from Dylan0akes

Shot Types and Angles

In a group of 5, we decided to research different shot types and angles as part of our research. This will help me when constructing my own my magazine as I will be able to a vast range of shot types and angles throughout my music magazine. Additionally, I will be able to easily identify each shot type when it comes to evaluating towards the end. I can also decide which shots will be helpful to me in the production of my magazine. For example, I will probably not use an 'Establishing Shot' as this is typically used in a film as in a magazine you don't really need to 'set the scene'. 

(Made using Microsoft Word)

Textual Analysis of Contents Page 1

For my research I have decided to analyse this contents page from the music magazine 'Mojo'. By analysing this it allows me to see how music magazine contents pages are typically constructed, so therefore making it a lot easier to construct my own contents page.

Below is the contents page I am analysing:

The Masthead:

• On this music magazine contents page, the masthead is centered at the top of the page. The typography of this masthead makes it stand out a lot. It is bold, larger than the other text and also the colour of the typography (white) makes it stand out from the grey background. 
• This is just used to show which magazine it is and it is also there to show consistency to the brand as this masthead will most likely have been featured on the front cover of this particular issue. 
• The colour of the masthead is a plain white. This may connote that the target audience for this magazine is both male and female as the white is a generic colour so therefore opening the target audience to both genders. Additionally, as it is white in colour, it also implies that the magazine isn't specific to a certain genre of music. The simplicity of the masthead (and the entire contents page) implies that 'Mojo' is targeting a mass audience.

Date and Issue Number:

• Just below the masthead the date the magazine was issued for is present. In this case it was April 2012. This will most likely have been present on the front cover but it is used on this contents page to reinforce that. It also keeps consistency throughout the magazine. 
• The Issue number is also just under the masthead on the right hand side. This is used just as the same as the date. It will probably have been on the front cover but it is just used to reinforce it. 
• Both the Date and Issue Numbers are quite small in size. This is significant as it indicates that this is not a particularly prominent feature of the contents page. However, they do include it meaning that they want to make sure that the reader knows the date and the issue number of that edition. The date shows how current the edition is making it quite important for regular buyers so they know if they have missed an edition of the magazine and if they have they right one. 

The Image:

• The main image on this contents page is the main feature. Florence (the woman on the image) covers the majority of the page. This implies that her article featured in the magazine is one of the main articles as she is the only image on the contents page. The mise-en-scene makes her stand out from the rest of the content on the page. She is wearing a black dress and creamy-gold coloured jewelry which all stand out a lot from the grey background. Additionally her hair is red which is very eye-catching on this particular background. Again, this connotes that Florence is the main feature of this magazine. 
• The typography of the page is laid out so it bends away from the image of Florence. This makes it look more realistic and also indicates Florence's importance too, as the text is organised away from her image. This once again shows that her article is most likely the main article of the magazine as she is the only image featured on the contents page. 

The Typography of the Page:

• The typography used on this contents page stands out to make it clear to the reader what articles there are in the magazine and where they can find them (page numbers). On the left hand side the page number for each section stands out due to the bold red typography in contrast to the grey background. This immediately allows the reader to find each article easily in the magazine as the page numbers stand out so much. Next to the page numbers are the names of each individual article. The typography colour is white and it is also written in bold and quite big writing (compared to the rest of the text, also making it easy to read and easy to notice. However it is also the same size as the page numbers which implies continuity to indicate that the article is on that specific page (as they're placed next to each other and they're both equal in size but differ due to the different colours which makes it easy to identify which is the page number and which is the name of the article).
• Beside each article name is a small description of the article. This typography is in much smaller writing compared to the article name. This implies that this section of the contents page is less important than the article name as it is only there to provide information of the article to any reader who is unsure whether you read that article or not. However it is an important aspect to include on a contents page as gives the reader a quick insight of what to expect in the article and also allows them to decide if they want to read it or not before purchasing (as they won't have the time to read the entire article before purchasing).
• Additionally the words 'features' and 'cover story' are also in red showing their importance to the page but also allowing the page to be effectively sectioned off and therefore making it easier for the consumer to understand which section of the contents page is which. These are sub-headings. The cover story section is also sectioned off from the other features which means that's this particular article of the magazine must be more significant than the other articles as it is in its own section. This may be relating to the story that is featured on the front cover of this edition. 

The Quote:

• At the bottom of the page a quote is used. This quote is from Florence which underneath directs you to the page that it is mentioned on. This is used to reinforce this article within the magazine as it is obviously the main feature of this issue of the magazine. Also it says 'Florence Welch Explains'. This is used to, once again, attempt to get the reader to go to this page. The word 'explains' is used to try and get the reader to wonder about how she explains the quote and therefore getting the reader to go to that particular page to read the article. 

The Page Number:

• At the bottom of the page on the right a page number is present. This is used to allow the reader to identify the page they're currently on which then makes it easier for them to navigate to the page they need (due to the contents page containing all of the important page numbers throughout the magazine). This is an important aspect of a contents page as it allows ease for the reader. 

Textual Analysis of Front Cover 3

For my final textual analysis of front covers, I have picked an edition of 'NME'. In this post, I have mainly talked about audiences as well as particular features on the magazine cover. This, is very relevant as part as my research for my own music magazine. It is relevant as I have talked a lot about audiences including mass audiences and niche audiences. Researching into this will help me with my final product as I can use these ideas to tailor my own music magazine to a specific audience that I will have chosen. By looking at how other magazines have done this, I can apply the same sort of style to my own magazine.

Just as the other front cover analysis I have done, this post is also on my Textual Analysis of Front Covers website. To view my 3rd analysis, follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata#!Front-Cover-Analysis-3/c218b/56104e370cf2a7bb74c533ae

To view my whole website and all 3 textual analysis of front covers website, follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata

Textual Analysis of Front Cover 2

For my next front cover analysis I have chosen this edition of the 'Vibe' magazine as part of my research. This is relevant to my research as it will help me to understand the layouts of music magazine front covers and conventions that are used to make it a specific genre of magazine. In this case, I have chosen a hip-hop magazine. These will help me get ideas of how I should lay out my own front cover, as well as what kind of genre-specific conventions I could include to make a specific genre of magazine. This will all give me ideas of what I can say when it comes to my evaluations.

Like my first front cover analysis, I have presented it on a website. To view this post on my second front cover textual analysis follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata#!Front-Cover-Analysis-2/c218b/560bdad50cf25fa7fe1ebb04

To view my entire website and all 3 front cover analysis follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata

Textual Analysis of Front Cover 1

I have decided to analyse this music magazine front cover as part of my research. This is relevant to my research as it will help me to understand how music magazine front covers are typically laid out, what is included and why the things that are included are included. These will help me gather ideas of how I should lay out my own front cover and what to include on it. Additionally, finding out why they have included each feature on the cover will give me ideas of what to say about each aspect of my cover, when evaluating.

This analysis is of a front cover of an edition of the 'Q' magazine.

I have decided to carry this out on a website.

To view my first front cover analysis follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata#!Front-Cover-Analysis-1/c218b/560a6de10cf2a7bb74bcd515

To view my webpage and all 3 of my textual analysis for front covers, follow this link: http://dylanoakes68.wix.com/asmediata